Autor: José

Há muitas perguntas relevantes para a sobrevivência e a melhoria das condições de vida da humanidade no nosso planeta para as quais vale a pena procurar, com afinco, uma resposta. Neste blogue só nos ocuparemos de duas delas, não porque…

There are many questions relevant to the survival and improvement of humanity’s living conditions on our planet for which it is worth looking hard for an answer. In this blog we will only address of two of them, not because…

Abstract Cooperativism or socialism or communism (I am using these words interchangeably) requires, in addition to two other preconditions (one economic and one political), a definite stage of development of technology. This stage was only reached at the end of…

«O socialismo morreu. Falar dele é fazer a sua oração fúnebre». Esta frase, que podia ter sido publicada na Folha de São Paulo de hoje, foi escrita por um obscuro jornalista francês, Louis Reybaud, em 1854. O socialismo estava então morto no…

To-day there is a curious convergence of views between the Right and the dominant Left on the meaning of socialism. Put more concretely, for both the Right and the dominant Left socialism refers to the system which came into being…

A ideia do comunismo desenvolvida por Marx é geralmente considerada como sendo a erradicação da propriedade privada [dos meios sociais de produção, N.T.] e a criação de uma economia planificada, ou estatização da economia No entanto, durante grande parte da…

Introduction Over the years, many socialists have written about the undesirability or impossibility of using markets in an authentic  socialist society. Well-known early advocates of this position include Marx (1875), Bellamy (1888), Kautsky (1892), Bukkarin and Preobrazhensky (1919), and Neurath…

The current crisis of capitalism has provoked protests, revolts and revolutions in major parts of the planet that include 3 billions of inhabitants. Even the mainstream Time Magazine made “The Protester” the person of the year. The caption on Time’s…

Abstract.  Not withstanding their much noted aversion to detailing the nature of a post-capitalist society, Marx and Engels indeed have a broad vision of such a better society that both runs through and informs their entire lives' work. It is…

In 1991, an undergraduate Finnish computer science student, Linus Torvalds, had a surprising idea: he began to write a new operating system on his PC. His initial goal was to be able to try some things that weren’t possible with…